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Summary " The Social Dynamic Of Speech and Bilingualism "

    Language , in the sense of knowledge of linguistics items and their meanings, the balance is in favor of the social, since people learn their language   by listening to others.   At the same time, each individual’s language is unique, since no two people have the same experience of language. Another thing which will become apparent is that the distinction between ‘language’ and ‘social constraints on speech’ is anything but clear, since may of the constraints discussed below   refer to specific linguistic items and could therefore be treated as a part of language, allow with what people know about meanings. Speech is not an automatic reflex . It is work, since it requires effort and its degree of success depends on the effort that is made. It is skilled on that requires the ‘ know-how’ type of knowledge, which I applied more or less successfully according to how much practice one has had. Speech is social classified in term of types of   speech-...

Summary " Language Variation "

Language variation caused by activities carried out by the social interaction of diverse   communities and the speakers are not homogenous. In this case there are two opinions, first is the variation was seen as a result of social diversity and diversity of language function. Secondly, the   language variations is fullfil the function   as a means of interaction in diverse community activities.             According to Allan Bell ( in Coupland and Adam, 1997: 240) a variation   of language is one of the most interesting aspects in sociolinguistics. The basic principle of the variations of this language are the speakers not usually speak in the same way for all events or incidents. It means speakers   have an alternatives or selection    to speak in different ways in different situations. The different speaking can also make a different social meaning. Thus, a wide variety of language is...

Summary of " Sociolinguistics and Multilingualism "

           Sociolinguistics as the study of language in relation to society . It is a part of the overall study of language, linguistics and that linguistics differs from sociolinguistic in only taking into account the structure of language to the exclusion of the social contexts in which it is learned and used. In particular, sociolinguistics allows the beginning of an analytical frame-work to be worked out, containing   terms such as language ( a body of knowledge or rules ), speech ( actual utterances ), speaker, addressee, topic and so on. And of course personal experiences is a rich source of information on language in relation to society. Because it is easy to see that people speak differently   according of his place of origin, education, social group, generation, and even occupation to mention few.             Language and society are so intertwined based on h...